Mapa de Color tiempo

dataviz
code
folium
Author

Marco Aguirre

Published

October 22, 2025

Dataset obtenido del data hub USFQ

  • Objetivo: Desarrollar una infografia georeferenciada de las votaciones del Ecuador del año del 2002. img.png
import folium
import pandas as pd
import geopandas as gpd
import branca
import json
from folium.plugins import TimestampedGeoJson
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ModuleNotFoundError                       Traceback (most recent call last)

Cell In[1], line 3

      1 import folium

      2 import pandas as pd

----> 3 import geopandas as gpd

      4 import branca

      5 import json



ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'geopandas'

Manejo del json con geopandas

df_ecu = gpd.read_file("ecuador_provincias.json")
df_ecu["name"] = df_ecu["name"].str.upper()
df_ecu.head()
source id name geometry
0 https://simplemaps.com ECE ESMERALDAS MULTIPOLYGON (((-78.47812 1.18712, -78.47831 1...
1 https://simplemaps.com ECC CARCHI POLYGON ((-78.44211 0.87194, -78.44714 0.87437...
2 https://simplemaps.com ECU SUCUMBIOS POLYGON ((-77.81408 0.34566, -77.79186 0.37099...
3 https://simplemaps.com ECD ORELLANA POLYGON ((-77.29941 -0.05855, -77.28401 -0.047...
4 https://simplemaps.com ECY PASTAZA POLYGON ((-77.05165 -1.01038, -77.07198 -1.033...

ETL del dataset

Mendoza, K., Medina, P., & Astudillo, P. (2025).
Ecuadorian Presidential Elections (2002–2023): Canton-Level Results for First and Second Rounds.
Harvard Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/A6ZP75

df = pd.read_csv("presidentes_votacion_cantonal_formato_angosto.csv")
df.info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 77462 entries, 0 to 77461
Data columns (total 9 columns):
 #   Column            Non-Null Count  Dtype 
---  ------            --------------  ----- 
 0   ANIO              77462 non-null  int64 
 1   VUELTA            77462 non-null  int64 
 2   PROVINCIA_CODIGO  77462 non-null  object
 3   PROVINCIA_NOMBRE  77462 non-null  object
 4   CANTON_CODIGO     77462 non-null  object
 5   CANTON_NOMBRE     77462 non-null  object
 6   CANDIDATO_NOMBRE  77462 non-null  object
 7   AGRUPACION        77462 non-null  object
 8   VOTOS             77462 non-null  int64 
dtypes: int64(3), object(6)
memory usage: 5.3+ MB
# agrupacion para obtener valos por provincia
df_gr = df.groupby(["ANIO", "VUELTA", "PROVINCIA_NOMBRE",
        "CANDIDATO_NOMBRE","PROVINCIA_CODIGO"])["VOTOS"].sum().reset_index()
# solo datos de Ecuador continental 
df_gr = df_gr[~df_gr["PROVINCIA_NOMBRE"].isin(['EUROPA, ASIA, '
'OCEANIA', 'NORTE-AMERICA', 'LATAM, CARIBE, AFRICA'])]
# agrupacion por voto mayoritario en provinica
df_max = df_gr.loc[
    df_gr.groupby(['PROVINCIA_NOMBRE','ANIO','VUELTA'])['VOTOS'].idxmax()
]

Manejo del archivo .json

# Load Ecuador's GeoJSON data
with open("ecuador_provincias.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    geo_json_data = json.load(f)
df_max.PROVINCIA_NOMBRE.unique()
array(['AZUAY', 'BOLIVAR', 'CANAR', 'CARCHI', 'CHIMBORAZO', 'COTOPAXI',
       'EL ORO', 'ESMERALDAS', 'GALAPAGOS', 'GUAYAS', 'IMBABURA', 'LOJA',
       'LOS RIOS', 'MANABI', 'MORONA SANTIAGO', 'NAPO', 'ORELLANA',
       'PASTAZA', 'PICHINCHA', 'SANTA ELENA', 'STO DGO TSACHILAS',
       'SUCUMBIOS', 'TUNGURAHUA', 'ZAMORA CHINCHIPE'], dtype=object)
# Nombre de la provincias 
nombresGjson = sorted([x['properties']["name"].upper() for x in geo_json_data['features']])
# nombres a cambiar CAÑAR ,'SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS' cambio en el dataset
df_max["PROVINCIA_NOMBRE"] = df_max["PROVINCIA_NOMBRE"].replace({'CANAR':'CAÑAR',
                        'STO DGO TSACHILAS':'SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS'})
df_max["PROVINCIA_NOMBRE"].unique()
array(['AZUAY', 'BOLIVAR', 'CAÑAR', 'CARCHI', 'CHIMBORAZO', 'COTOPAXI',
       'EL ORO', 'ESMERALDAS', 'GALAPAGOS', 'GUAYAS', 'IMBABURA', 'LOJA',
       'LOS RIOS', 'MANABI', 'MORONA SANTIAGO', 'NAPO', 'ORELLANA',
       'PASTAZA', 'PICHINCHA', 'SANTA ELENA',
       'SANTO DOMINGO DE LOS TSÁCHILAS', 'SUCUMBIOS', 'TUNGURAHUA',
       'ZAMORA CHINCHIPE'], dtype=object)

Estilo del Mapa

# COLORES POR CANDIDATO
mapa_colores ={'ALVARO NOBOA':"#980BEF", 'JACOBO BUCARAM':"#1070B9", 'LUCIO GUTIERREZ':"#E01212",
       'RODRIGO BORJA':"#FEB00A", 'XAVIER NEIRA':"#F6FE69",'RAFAEL CORREA':"#07F93F",
       'LENIN MORENO':"#07F93F",'YAKU PEREZ':"#F9D107",'GUILLERMO LASSO':"#1070B9",
         'LUISA GONZALEZ':"#34FFF8",'DANIEL NOBOA':"#980BEF", 'NULOS':"#FFFFFF",
       'FERNANDO VILLAVICENCIO':"#96B0FF",'XAVIER HERVAS':"#F9D107", 
       'ANDRES ARAUZ':"#07F93F"
       }
# aplicar color al dataset
df_max['COLOR'] = df_max['CANDIDATO_NOMBRE'].apply(lambda x:mapa_colores.get(x))
df_max.head()
ANIO VUELTA PROVINCIA_NOMBRE CANDIDATO_NOMBRE PROVINCIA_CODIGO VOTOS COLOR
10 2002 1 AZUAY RODRIGO BORJA EC01 157246 #FEB00A
290 2002 2 AZUAY LUCIO GUTIERREZ EC01 371564 #E01212
397 2006 1 AZUAY RAFAEL CORREA EC01 166524 #07F93F
765 2006 2 AZUAY RAFAEL CORREA EC01 429830 #07F93F
879 2009 1 AZUAY RAFAEL CORREA EC01 418082 #07F93F 
def generar_start_end(row, col_anio='ANIO', col_vuelta='VUELTA'):
    """
    Devuelve start y end como timestamps (ms) según:
    - Vuelta 1: del 1 de enero al 1 de julio
    - Vuelta 2: del 2 de julio al 31 diciembre
    """
    anio = int(row[col_anio])
    vuelta = int(row[col_vuelta])

    if vuelta == 1:
        start = pd.Timestamp(f"{anio}-01-01 00:00:00")
        end   = pd.Timestamp(f"{anio}-07-01 00:00:00")
    else:  # vuelta 2
        start = pd.Timestamp(f"{anio}-07-02 00:00:00")
        end   = pd.Timestamp(f"{anio}-12-31 23:59:59")

    # convertir a timestamp en milisegundos
    return {
        'start': float(start.value // 10**6),
        'end':   float(end.value   // 10**6)
    }
df_max['start_end'] = df_max.apply(lambda x :
generar_start_end(x, col_anio='ANIO', col_vuelta='VUELTA'),
    axis=1
)
df_merged = df_max.merge(df_ecu[['name', 'geometry']], 
                         left_on='PROVINCIA_NOMBRE', 
                         right_on='name', 
                         how='inner')
# Convertir en GeoDataFrame
gdf_final = gpd.GeoDataFrame(df_merged, geometry='geometry')

GENERACIÓN DE FEATURES PARA EL TIMELINE


features = []

for _, row in gdf_final.iterrows():

    start_ts = int(row['start_end']['start']) // 1000  # segundos UNIX

    start_date = pd.to_datetime(start_ts, unit='s').strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S")

    feature = {
        "type": "Feature",
        "geometry": row["geometry"].__geo_interface__,
        "properties": {
            "time": start_date,
            "style": {
                "color": "black",
                "weight": 1,
                "opacity": 1,
                "fillColor": row["COLOR"],
                "fillOpacity": 0.8
            },
            "tooltip": f"Provincia: {row['PROVINCIA_NOMBRE']} - {row['CANDIDATO_NOMBRE']}",
            "popup": (
                f"<b>Provincia:</b> {row['PROVINCIA_NOMBRE']}<br>"
                f"<b>Candidato:</b> {row['CANDIDATO_NOMBRE']}<br>"
                f"<b>Votos:</b> {row['VOTOS']}<br>"
                f"<b>Año:</b> {row['ANIO']} - Vuelta {row['VUELTA']}"
            )
        }
    }
    features.append(feature)
features[0]
{'type': 'Feature',
 'geometry': {'type': 'Polygon',
  'coordinates': (((-78.54910172896793, -2.5629438871396006),
    (-78.55527706351482, -2.592657887280626),
    (-78.55403682999633, -2.602269738154065),
    (-78.55026445093884, -2.612501669684764),
    (-78.5427713724291, -2.619633197986528),
    (-78.53331457855316, -2.6239220891356574),
    (-78.52636410042774, -2.622836948001352),
    (-78.52204911858809, -2.617462615292379),
    (-78.5198787100717, -2.6066106031091656),
    (-78.51615800676939, -2.595965284487299),
    (-78.51026689417145, -2.5852166191031682),
    (-78.4997507383888, -2.576276522279215),
    (-78.49052649576058, -2.5710572097579876),
    (-78.48070797070773, -2.5681115262693397),
    (-78.47210385161748, -2.5682668468571297),
    (-78.46592851365568, -2.5709021895968056),
    (-78.43458676095891, -2.5944150828715213),
    (-78.42784298403495, -2.6014946373456227),
    (-78.42391557631156, -2.6104347341935066),
    (-78.4213575881105, -2.6184960830387456),
    (-78.42143510576553, -2.627022792803909),
    (-78.42572425178717, -2.6357045227391223),
    (-78.43678300906032, -2.6452647002694305),
    (-78.54762895623848, -2.7017986910287677),
    (-78.55770585615545, -2.70996338672983),
    (-78.56638749562501, -2.7208153990352275),
    (-78.59747087387352, -2.779158259283012),
    (-78.59868526725974, -2.7859277735713737),
    (-78.59568803968656, -2.7928009350682625),
    (-78.58974524494317, -2.800862284076193),
    (-78.5811152829014, -2.8100607480633686),
    (-78.57411312579761, -2.820034312887471),
    (-78.57023739478822, -2.829749510780341),
    (-78.56992733665679, -2.839206341741152),
    (-78.5760251492397, -2.8535721446355615),
    (-78.62333492902526, -2.931603768727979),
    (-78.6294844232082, -2.9479334609977146),
    (-78.63206824415391, -2.9584754332665395),
    (-78.65609778646701, -3.0084466051620313),
    (-78.6601543854003, -3.0243112370769185),
    (-78.66007687015377, -3.040175869022962),
    (-78.65813900441766, -3.055110379981329),
    (-78.66188554252452, -3.0730419475901893),
    (-78.67165239115089, -3.090767122105467),
    (-78.69772314711001, -3.119137315493296),
    (-78.72242448314528, -3.138981099122037),
    (-78.75653093065375, -3.1573780278641097),
    (-78.79399634176703, -3.1697285690831376),
    (-78.81440853251203, -3.1893656592780846),
    (-78.93757931568089, -3.2878094779710856),
    (-78.9419718052703, -3.2975243760057893),
    (-78.9437804854267, -3.3048109250735753),
    (-78.93897457224966, -3.322742493266424),
    (-78.9589216775097, -3.3415011361996103),
    (-79.01545569314418, -3.3729203610871012),
    (-79.03287065446871, -3.3862013241483897),
    (-79.04607397786687, -3.399171946453696),
    (-79.05509151996574, -3.412246215993865),
    (-79.05974239934547, -3.4222714549758675),
    (-79.06121517905271, -3.4312115527290135),
    (-79.05976823387638, -3.439272902392851),
    (-79.05465226763533, -3.4541557407501484),
    (-79.0496913297351, -3.4600468079452043),
    (-79.04692664708081, -3.4664032361068244),
    (-79.0463065237272, -3.4747229527748815),
    (-79.0529469486583, -3.4936366162844013),
    (-79.05545325416409, -3.504746996635905),
    (-79.05602169195616, -3.5166324779021827),
    (-79.05023393090538, -3.552134202069734),
    (-79.06137020936536, -3.609701967689683),
    (-79.06547847757132, -3.619416866166141),
    (-79.07098202131921, -3.6274785164757004),
    (-79.07811337188649, -3.6310442810880046),
    (-79.08467627463904, -3.6333179104247466),
    (-79.10224626558617, -3.6360052273412853),
    (-79.12043636876301, -3.6109421291420607),
    (-79.12330441105931, -3.580298004095551),
    (-79.12335608374474, -3.557043474872037),
    (-79.1304874298194, -3.5375097304704433),
    (-79.16087317671514, -3.4888306903128337),
    (-79.17120846355061, -3.4679017644973933),
    (-79.1787790605353, -3.4481613267747115),
    (-79.18490271970472, -3.442063566019149),
    (-79.19368770897174, -3.443768787974996),
    (-79.22133460394089, -3.4578248520583195),
    (-79.236553307621, -3.4607702354434022),
    (-79.2564745726845, -3.4606668886579457),
    (-79.28169267178299, -3.4499182221246802),
    (-79.2935265787542, -3.437309313475264),
    (-79.29962439417321, -3.4239766769269817),
    (-79.30169145416743, -3.40216930363358),
    (-79.30029618742346, -3.3833073137595218),
    (-79.3009163065612, -3.372248606989869),
    (-79.30691077285485, -3.3568490348825333),
    (-79.3178661761915, -3.3467721225994085),
    (-79.32949337470372, -3.340881055497161),
    (-79.34308427823291, -3.3399509344435447),
    (-79.37049862033565, -3.34268962421283),
    (-79.40545772782855, -3.3422245636859005),
    (-79.43258785397227, -3.3380903919100096),
    (-79.4577542750665, -3.3280134796527236),
    (-79.49025875492508, -3.315817958349517),
    (-79.50793209111619, -3.3129756213802155),
    (-79.5212646113329, -3.3125622342468355),
    (-79.55798071715685, -3.3171614665336766),
    (-79.61485063463489, -3.3298740221837018),
    (-79.649964772831, -3.328788880956143),
    (-79.66164364512555, -3.324654709187847),
    (-79.66776730196743, -3.31984878332943),
    (-79.66582943277498, -3.3112703994551818),
    (-79.66192785989666, -3.3071879010883225),
    (-79.64270423441135, -3.2978347167819106),
    (-79.63216223629175, -3.290909881461627),
    (-79.62689123896843, -3.281608070140489),
    (-79.62102596489747, -3.26067914492368),
    (-79.59906348504155, -3.2174261131074107),
    (-79.59469682302284, -3.2043518439119247),
    (-79.5930431763451, -3.18972737301387),
    (-79.5951619088922, -3.1749995553622656),
    (-79.60043291072319, -3.161718893103247),
    (-79.63851843557234, -3.128852513739679),
    (-79.76047482144521, -3.0646705579790385),
    (-79.7595446437416, -3.045291835045657),
    (-79.75577226180579, -3.036351737748831),
    (-79.74884762363693, -3.0236911564000537),
    (-79.69484575338096, -2.957131925144197),
    (-79.69422563101148, -2.949328642507817),
    (-79.69585344389678, -2.9207517561586718),
    (-79.70197709590508, -2.893518077592281),
    (-79.70357907059807, -2.874966429709316),
    (-79.69975501429818, -2.8497483138740787),
    (-79.69055660670672, -2.8257186860487025),
    (-79.47178442988675, -2.5971537723928884),
    (-79.46721107006567, -2.593795002225279),
    (-79.46126827792244, -2.590642625180882),
    (-79.45529964906638, -2.5863017602331224),
    (-79.44679887945549, -2.578653798512294),
    (-79.42483639233531, -2.555347598824497),
    (-79.4191003080414, -2.545529054450854),
    (-79.4171624433781, -2.5341603084812547),
    (-79.42499142413362, -2.5225848689778654),
    (-79.43739376498145, -2.4970565635856485),
    (-79.40377824670304, -2.49871026217237),
    (-79.3881202861734, -2.5077535554843253),
    (-79.37638973572511, -2.5208793467869564),
    (-79.35871639830413, -2.5597401371451065),
    (-79.34923377212321, -2.5699720686297893),
    (-79.33600460676116, -2.5747779940537545),
    (-79.31073482761792, -2.5770516230855836),
    (-79.29399166235673, -2.588006982009026),
    (-79.28562008020337, -2.5982389135242165),
    (-79.280917524965, -2.608625865212319),
    (-79.27494889691016, -2.6190128169119604),
    (-79.2668098643962, -2.630485210184868),
    (-79.17766801770223, -2.722624268038526),
    (-79.16361203042345, -2.7316677117804002),
    (-79.1529150033435, -2.7350264819984913),
    (-79.14257971952927, -2.728515334688702),
    (-79.1396341586242, -2.7211254393626296),
    (-79.1381355488172, -2.711978949282313),
    (-79.13792884007718, -2.703297219274774),
    (-79.13234778683811, -2.6969927655389774),
    (-79.12376950035193, -2.691101698909386),
    (-79.10392574638198, -2.683246743124766),
    (-79.09519243193812, -2.6768389426275703),
    (-79.08984391699933, -2.6699141078321293),
    (-79.08795772980974, -2.662627859755601),
    (-79.08423702965491, -2.6555483052349618),
    (-79.07870764998454, -2.6508457265445213),
    (-79.07204139244469, -2.649967278957034),
    (-79.0605175409223, -2.6542561701202083),
    (-79.04777930460138, -2.6623694928177914),
    (-79.03284481876179, -2.6754954345488526),
    (-79.01969316112692, -2.689292829912423),
    (-78.99111609858468, -2.7271718266023),
    (-78.97323605009414, -2.7392123268525097),
    (-78.95104102596792, -2.76215681328934),
    (-78.94476233383759, -2.771251630032925),
    (-78.9406282187624, -2.7814318883657427),
    (-78.93610653265101, -2.806391637059678),
    (-78.93000871203722, -2.817088629317986),
    (-78.91515173684228, -2.8225146355348176),
    (-78.87835811962866, -2.8262354199338637),
    (-78.8629585445513, -2.8255636658831693),
    (-78.85277828871737, -2.8240651376164636),
    (-78.84303727796082, -2.8215845145419878),
    (-78.8355700334812, -2.8209644338801483),
    (-78.8266558480638, -2.822204595203853),
    (-78.82014462231831, -2.823858444062458),
    (-78.81619136951869, -2.8225146355348176),
    (-78.81495113712181, -2.816158508325729),
    (-78.81701819514878, -2.799932163085666),
    (-78.81588131100148, -2.792025533816852),
    (-78.8120055833739, -2.783602471099229),
    (-78.79283362426138, -2.760141250725547),
    (-78.78911292227555, -2.7543535308306635),
    (-78.78694251511543, -2.747118956074023),
    (-78.78779517141972, -2.7398840808965885),
    (-78.79133500558477, -2.7302205564909663),
    (-78.79366044707126, -2.719006830458982),
    (-78.79081824208264, -2.7095499996271486),
    (-78.78422949719794, -2.699628108315217),
    (-78.7758062430133, -2.691928473113082),
    (-78.76622026368032, -2.687122547628533),
    (-78.75291358124704, -2.6880526686072796),
    (-78.73301815669765, -2.691876799725347),
    (-78.7255767509909, -2.6909983521339287),
    (-78.71609412677867, -2.685830712935973),
    (-78.70260657647647, -2.676425555526403),
    (-78.68335710661118, -2.660147537152706),
    (-78.67250505129535, -2.6530676822073165),
    (-78.65007748008159, -2.648055063193214),
    (-78.63801103091669, -2.644024238543557),
    (-78.62364498489772, -2.632913859392395),
    (-78.617366301672, -2.620098258472479),
    (-78.61571265037227, -2.6082124781142175),
    (-78.61067419955481, -2.5973604659417036),
    (-78.60054561907995, -2.5866118005559953),
    (-78.56442379263007, -2.5616003790772566),
    (-78.54910172896793, -2.5629438871396006)),)},
 'properties': {'time': '2002-01-01T00:00:00',
  'style': {'color': 'black',
   'weight': 1,
   'opacity': 1,
   'fillColor': '#FEB00A',
   'fillOpacity': 0.8},
  'tooltip': 'Provincia: AZUAY - RODRIGO BORJA',
  'popup': '<b>Provincia:</b> AZUAY<br><b>Candidato:</b> RODRIGO BORJA<br><b>Votos:</b> 157246<br><b>Año:</b> 2002 - Vuelta 1'}}

CREAR MAPA BASE

m = folium.Map(
    location=[-0.19899731681836336, -78.4428000494774],
    tiles="Cartodb dark_matter", ## estilo del fondo mapa
    zoom_start=6
)

AÑADIR CAPA TEMPORAL

ts = TimestampedGeoJson(
    {
        "type": "FeatureCollection",
        "features": features,
    },
    period="P1Y",
    duration="P1Y",
    add_last_point=True,
    auto_play=False,
    loop=False
).add_to(m)

LEYENDA ( CANDIDATO Y COLOR ) y VISUALIZACION FINAL

items_html = ""
for candidato, color in mapa_colores.items():
    items_html += f'''
    &nbsp; <i class="fa fa-square" style="color:{color};"></i>
    &nbsp; {candidato}<br>'''

legend_html = f"""
{{% macro html(this, kwargs) %}}
<div style="
     position: fixed;
     bottom: 50px; left: 50px;
     width: 250px;
     border:2px solid grey;
     z-index:9999;
     font-size:14px;
     background-color:white;
     opacity: 0.9;
     padding: 10px;
     border-radius: 5px;">
     <b>🗳️ Candidato ganador</b><br>
     {items_html}
</div>
{{% endmacro %}}
"""

legend = branca.element.MacroElement()
legend._template = branca.element.Template(legend_html)
m.get_root().add_child(legend)

m.save("VotEcuador_Timeline_Legend.html")
m
Make this Notebook Trusted to load map: File -> Trust Notebook